Soils in the northern half of the country, especially in the guinea and sudan savannas, are mainly less leached and slightly acid alfisols, as derived from basement complex rocks. Aquifers characterization and classification using electromagnetic and galvanic resistivity methods in basement complex, katsinaala, central nigeria. Very widespread, the biotitic gneisses are normally finegrained with strong foliation caused by the parallel arrangement of alternating dark and light minerals. The area is central to most major towns and communities in the district and experiences less oil pollution than most parts of the niger delta. An aeromagnetic data obtained from the nigerian geological survey. Earlier workers such as annor and freeth 1985, rahaman 1989, annor 1998, and caby. Basement rock is the thick foundation of ancient, and oldest, metamorphic and igneous rock that forms the crust of continents, often in the form of granite. The structure and sequence of geological events in the basement complex of the ibadan area, western nigeria. Geoelectrical investigation of basement complex areas of lokoja, northcentral nigeria article pdf available in current journal of applied science and technology 76.
Polymictic migmatitic body with an augen shape body of plastically deformed gneiss. Jul 04, 2015 read evaluation of selected basement complex rocks from adoekiti, sw nigeria, as source of road construction aggregates, bulletin of engineering geology and the environment on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Ground water quality assessment in the basement complex areas. The basement complex is made up of precambrian rocks and these rocks consist of the schist belt infolded in them. Some common structural failures in the world today include the failures of roads, bridges, dams, and the failure of low and high rise buildings. The migmatite gneiss complex is the common est rock type in the nigerian basement complex. The ubewulko area of southeast akwanga falls within the panafrican remobilized basement complex of northcentral nigeria. Pdf geoelectrical investigation of basement complex. The area is underlain by both sedimentary and basement complex rocks. These basement complex rocks show great variations in grain size and in mineral composition. Correlation of unified and aashto soil classification systems. It consists of intensely multideformed high grade polymetamorphic basement rocks, predominantly composed of migmatitic gneisses and schists and subordinate quartzites, marbles, and pegmatite and dolerite dykes which intrude mainly the migmatitic gneisses. The study involves eleven profiles covering an area of about 0.
In achieving this aim a total of twenty 20 boreholes were selected at random across the state. Geology and mineral resources of nigeria nuhu george obaje. Evaluation of groundwater resources of the middle niger bida basin of nigeria olusola t. Autocad layout plan of ground floor of shopping mall complex with around 45 shops, 4 atm, lift lobby with atrium, staircase, 1 office, public toilets, parking space etc.
Review of the basement geology and mineral belts of nigeria. Ekiti state is underlain by metamorphic rocks of the precambrain basement complex. Geology and evolution of the nigerian basement complex nigeria is almost equally divided between crystalline basement rocks and cretaceous to quaternary sediments and volcanics. The ns, nesw and nwse trends of the structures are consistent with the polycyclic fabric of the nigerian basement complex. The soils are rich in free iron but low in mineral reserve. The nigeria basement complex extends westward and is continuous with the dahomeyan of the dahomey togo ghana region to east and the south mesozoic recent sediments of dahomey and niger coastal basins over the basement complex. The ring dyke of granite porphyry overlaps the southernmost portion of the ningiburra complex. The basement complex rocks in the study area have received very little attention from researchers as evidenced in literature. The research aimed at assessing the quality of underground water for safe drinking in the basement complex region of kano state. Nigeria s population estimates that it will reach the level of 338 million by the year 2050. On an occurrence of fayalite quartzmonzonite in the basement. Odeyemi intermediate rocks from older granite complexes. Geological mapping, petrological study and structural. The precambrian basement rocks in nigeria consist of the migmatite gneissic quartzite complex dated archean to early proterozoic 27002000 ma.
Nigeria is bordered to the west by benin, to the northwest. A, simplified geological map of the tibchi complex, showing major rockunits. Evaluation of groundwater resources of the middle niger. The geology of nigeria formed beginning in the archean and proterozoic eons of the precambrian. The aim of this study is to examine the geology of parts of jemaa sheet 188sw and produce a detailed geologic map of the area showing the distribution of different rock. The dominant rocks constitute suites of gneisses and quartzite. Ground water quality assessment in the basement complex. Evaluation of selected basement complex rocks from. The basement complex is commonly described under three lithologic groups. The area is generally underlain by basement rocks categorized by rahaman 1976 as migmatite gneiss, quartzite, politic schist, biotite granite, charnockite, granite, gneiss and porphyritic granite. More than simply supervising employees and hiring contractors, maintenance and repair requires good communications.
Half of nigeria s land is composed of three main basement complexes located in the west, the northwest and the southeast. The country forms the nigerian province and more than half of its surface is igneous and metamorphic crystalline basement rock from the precambrian. An unusual fayalitebearing quartzmonzonite occurs around bauchi in northern nigeria and is distinguished from the highlevel fayalite granites of the newer granites ring complexes by the presence of a linear structure conformable with those in the surrounding rocks, the gradational nature of its contacts, the extreme coarseness of its mineral constituents and the abundance of myrmekite. Groundwater exploration and development in basement complex. Other units include the nesw trending schist belts mostly developed in the western half of the country and the granitoid plutons of the older granite suite dated late proterozoic to early. The rocks are quartz gneisses and schists consisting essentially of quartz with small amounts of white micaceous minerals. The stratigraphic succession of the duguri area in bauchi state northeastern nigeria begins with the precambrian basement complex, the gombe sandstone was deposited during the late campanian to maastrichtian times as a result. Olaniyan2, 1national water resources institute, kaduna, nigeria 2department of physical sciences, ondo state university of science and technology, okitipupa, nigeria. Part 1 discusses the geology of the crystalline rocks and their regional distribution while the sedimentary basins constitute the subject of part 2. Precambrian rocks of the basement complex, including gneisses, amphibolites, marbles and the older granites.
Joint application of ground penetrating radar and electrical. Pdf phosphorus distribution and forms in nigerian basement. Geological and structural interpretation of adoekiti. A seismic refraction study of the boundary between bida basin. The study area is located within the crystalline basement complex terrain of southwestern nigeria.
The structure and sequence of geological events in the. They are essentially gneisses and pegmatites that gave rise to coarsetextured soils that are deficient in dark ferromagnessium minerals egbuchua, 2007. Nigerias geological set up comprises a broadly sedimentary formation and crystalline basement complex see figure 1. The basement complex is one of the three major lithopetrological components that make up the geology of nigeria fig. Nigeria lies very close to the equator, between latitude 4n and 14n and longitude 3e and 15e. The countrys northsouth extent is about 1,050 km and its maximum eastwest extent is about 1,150 km. Geological map of nigeria showing the three major rock units in the basement complex as well as the jurassic granites which intruded the basement modified after oyawoye, 1972 plate 1. The area is underlain by precambrian migmatite gneiss, granite, shists and newer basalts. Stratigraphy and structure of duguri yuli area bauchi state.
Read evaluation of selected basement complex rocks from adoekiti, sw nigeria, as source of road construction aggregates, bulletin of engineering geology and the environment on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Groundwater potential and aquifer characteristics of the area were analized using dar zarrouk parameters. Case study iv nigeria this case study was prepared by lawrence chidi anukam iv. Much of the information on the area is contained in geological maps of nigeria produced by the geological survey of nigeria okezie, 1974, okezie, 1984, ojo, 1994 and malomo, 2004. Nigerias population estimates that it will reach the level of 338 million by the year 2050. Conceptual design and design examples for multistorey. The basement complex in western nigeria in general, and in the ibadan area in particu lar, is composed primarily of a banded gneiss in which hornblendebiotite rich bands alter nate with quartzoligoclase. The granitic and pegmatitic intrusives are source of feldspar with a significant k 2 o component kfeldspar. The basement complex rocks, concentrated on the southwestern and north central to northwestern part of the country, are. Pdf geology and geotectonic setting of the basement complex. The odobola, ogodo area is part of the basement complex of nigeria and is underlain mainly by schists and intrusive granitic and pegmatitic rocks along with sediments weathered from these rocks. Contains details on the geological units of nigeria and the associated mineral resources. Stratigraphy and structure of duguri yuli area bauchi state northeast nigeria get the complete project materials now. Half of nigerias land is composed of three main basement complexes located in the west, the northwest and the southeast.
The geology of nigeria is composed of four main groups known as. The precambrian rocks in the study area are part of the precambrian basement complex of nigeria which is made up of the migmatitegneiss complex, the schist belts and the granitoids. The study area covers, wasa station and its environments in sanga local government area of kaduna state, which is part of the basement complex rocks of north central nigeria. E and has a total area of 923,770 square kilometers km2. The groundwater potential of the basement complex area of southern kaduna state has been investigated using a multidisciplinary approach. Valuable and precious subsurface minerals has been continuously mined illegally in the region of omuaran area in parts of the nigerian southwestern precambrian basement complex. Youll need clear communications among tenants and between your tenant association and the contractors or employees assigned to do the work. Nigeria is located in the tropical zone of west africa between latitudes 4n and 14n and longitudes 22. The precambrian rocks in the study area are part of the precambrian basement complex of nigeria which is made up of the migmatitegneiss complex, the. There are some published data on groundwater chemistry and quality in nigeria for some basins including the crystalline basement complex. Assessment of groundwater quality in a typical rural.
Geological observations of basement rocks, around ganaja. Dec 31, 2007 the study area, igbora, is found in oyo state, southwest nigeria, situated on longitude 7. The basement complex consists mainly of gneissic granite emplaced during the panafrican orogeny. The area under study spans a suspected boundary between the bida basin and the zaria basement complex, nigeria. Pdf aquifers characterization and classification using. If this estimate and other country estimates are correct, nigeria would move from 10th most populous country in the world to the 4 most populous country in a short span of just under 50 years. The study was carried out in delta central district, nigeria, at latitude 5. The nigeria basement complex have been conformed to comprise of three major rock units of which are. Basement rock is contrasted to overlying sedimentary rocks which are laid down on top of the basement rocks after the continent was formed, such as sandstone and limestone. The nigerian basement complex forms a part of the panafrican mobile belt and lies between the west african and congo cratons fig. The major climatic seasons are wet or rainy season, which begins. The result indicates that the depth to the refractor varies from 2.
Vlfem profiles and schlumberger depth soundings were carried out in vandeikya area of central benue trough of nigeria. The geological and structural evolution assessment of the basement complex rocks in iwaraja area, southwestern nigeria showed that the basement rocks comprise quartzites and quartzschists of the. Rahaman preliminary report on the field relationships of the basement complex rocks around igarra, midwest i. Shopping mall architecture design shopping mall layout dwg 2d cad shopping mall design shopping mall floor plan cad shopping mall plans dwg shopping complex mall architecture plan. Layout plan of shopping mall, complex dwg format autocad. Jul 19, 2005 in an effort to quantify the geogenic radon soilgas potential and appraise the use of radon technique as a geological mapping tool in a crystalline basement rock terrain of ileife nigeria, radon measurement concentration were made using a radon detector instrument eda rd200 that measures radon isotopes by a scintillator cell coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Between these massifs, sedimentary basins are strung out along a northeastsouthwest axis from lake chad to the niger delta, i. This is done against the backdrop of its current status, trend and identification of factors influencing the quality of urban groundwater and. Organic matter and nitrogen contents are relatively higher under the forest than under the savanna vegetation. Geochemical and quality assessment of groundwater in some. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern. Nigeria consists of three major tectonic units, the neoproterozoic basement complex, the jurassic younger granites complex, and the tectonophysics xxx 2016 xxxxxx. Effects of poultry manure on growth and yield of improved.
An outcrop evidence for polycyclic orogenies in the basement. Liberation size and beneficiation of enyigba lead ore, ebonyi. Pdf structural geology of the basement complex rocks in. It is a part of the basement complex of nigeria which forms one of the three major lithopetrologic units that make up the geology of nigeria figure 2b. The study area, igbora, is found in oyo state, southwest nigeria, situated on longitude 7. Pdf structural analysis of part of the nigerian south. This work has shown that macroscopic structures in the study area present unique evidence for the regional polycyclic history of the bedrock in southwestern nigeria. A migmatite gneiss complex mgc, the schist belts and older granites suites fig. More so, oversby 1975 and olanrewaju 1981 indicated that the study area is composed of migmatitegneissquartzite complex with. The west african craton and the pan african event, which presents the framework of west africa in the entire. Geology and economic evaluation of odobola, ogodo feldspar. Property worth millions of dollars has been lost in many countries due to structural disasters. Geology of the panafrican basement complex in ubewulko area. Hydrogeophysical and hydrogeological investigations of.